Speaker 1: 0:01

Welcome to the Health Pulse, your go-to source for quick, actionable insights on health, wellness and diagnostics. Whether you're looking to optimize your well-being or stay informed about the latest in medical testing, we've got you covered. Join us as we break down key health topics in just minutes. Let's dive in.

Speaker 2: 0:25

Welcome to the Deep Dive. Today we're really getting into something quite startling. There's this fact from the American Heart Association. It says nearly half of all people who have a heart attack actually have cholesterol levels that are considered normal. Yeah, it's a statistic that really makes you stop and think, doesn't it? It really does, because you know cardiovascular disease is still the number one killer globally. Yet for so many of us, that standard cholesterol test we get the one measuring total cholesterol, ldl-c, hdl-c, triglycerides.

Speaker 3: 0:56

Fool, it might be giving a false sense of security.

Speaker 2: 1:00

It often misses the hidden dangers.

Speaker 3: 1:01

Exactly. The reality is not all LDL-collectrol is the same. Things like the number of particles, how big they are, what they're actually composed of, these can totally change your actual risk, even if the basic numbers look okay, right, so that's our mission today in this deep dive, why are standard tests sometimes misleading? What do these advanced markers really show us, who really benefits most? And you know, crucially, what can you actually do with this information? And that's precisely where advanced lipid testing comes in. It looks beyond those surface level numbers to find those silent risks, the ones standard tests just don't pick up. This allows for well, much more targeted, much more effective prevention.

Speaker 2: 1:40

Okay, so for years that standard lipid panel, it's been the go-to, the cornerstone for checking heart risk and yeah, it has its place, definitely catches major issues. But, like we said, it's got some pretty big blind spots. It really is. Can you maybe explain why just looking at LDL-C, the bad cholesterol number, can be so misleading?

Speaker 3: 2:00

Absolutely. The main problem is that LDL-C measures the cholesterol content inside the LDL particles. It doesn't tell you the actual number of those particles. Think of it like traffic your LDL-C might be low, suggesting not much cargo, but you could still have a huge number of LDL particles, a massive traffic jam of tiny cars and it's a sheer number of those particles, those cars, that increases the chance of them bumping into and damaging your artery walls.

Speaker 2: 2:27

So more cars on the road, even if they aren't fully loaded, means more potential for accidents, basically.

Speaker 3: 2:33

Precisely. Or you could have a high LDL-C, lots of cargo, but if it's carried in fewer, larger, fluffier particles, your risk might actually be lower than someone with a lower LDL-C but tons of small particles. And the research maxed this out. Study after study shows that LDL particle number, which we call LDL-P, and another marker, apolipoprotein B or APO-B, are much better predictors of heart attacks and strokes than LDL-C alone.

Speaker 2: 3:01

Okay, so it's not just the total weight of the cargo, but how many delivery trucks are actually out there potentially causing trouble. That really explains that normal cholesterol heart attack thing, doesn't it?

Speaker 3: 3:10

It does. Up to half of heart attack patients have LDL-C levels considered normal by standard guidelines.

Speaker 2: 3:16

It's like looking at a lake that looks calm on top, but you're completely missing the dangerous currents underneath. Advanced lipid testing, then, is like putting on scuba gear and actually seeing what's going on below the surface, and it shows you the full picture.

Speaker 3: 3:30

Much clearer picture.

Speaker 2: 3:31

yes, so if the basic test is missing, all this, what exactly are these advanced lipid tests measuring? This is where it gets really interesting, I think.

Speaker 3: 3:42

It is. We're going beyond just slightly better numbers. We're uncovering genuinely hidden risk factors.

Speaker 2: 3:47

Okay, break it down for us. What are the key markers?

Speaker 3: 3:49

Okay, so first there's LDL particle number, LBLP, as we just talked about. This is the actual count of LDL particles. More particles, even if they aren't packed with cholesterol, mean more chances to get into the artery wall and start the plaque process. High LDL-P is strongly linked to atherosclerosis progressing.

Speaker 2: 4:06

Right, the traffic volume Got it.

Speaker 3: 4:07

Then you have LDL particle size and pattern. This looks at whether your LDL particles are mostly large and buoyant, which we call pattern A, generally less harmful, less atherogenic.

Speaker 2: 4:17

Less likely to cause plaque.

Speaker 3: 4:19

Exactly, or if they're mostly small and dense, which is pattern B, these small dense ones are nastier. They're mostly small and dense, which is pattern B. These small, dense ones are nastier. They're more easily damaged or oxidized, they trigger more inflammation and they slip into the artery wall more easily. We often see pattern B in people with insulin resistance or diets high in refined carbs.

Speaker 2: 4:36

So the small, dense ones are like tiny, sticky little troublemakers compared to the big, fluffy ones.

Speaker 3: 4:42

That's a great way to put it and related to this is apolipoprotein B, or APOB. This one's incredibly important. Why? Because every single particle that can cause atherosclerosis LDL, vldl, lpa, all the bad guys carries exactly one APOB molecule on its surface.

Speaker 2: 4:58

Oh interesting. So one APOB per bad particle.

Speaker 3: 5:02

One per particle. So measuring APOB gives you a direct count of the total number of potentially harmful particles. It's considered one of the absolute best predictors of cardiovascular risk we have.

Speaker 2: 5:13

Wow, okay, that seems really crucial.

Speaker 3: 5:15

It is. And to balance that, we also look at apolipoprotein A1 or ApoA1. That's the main protein on your HDL, your good cholesterol particles. So the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 gives you a really powerful snapshot of the balance between harmful and protective lipoproteins in your system.

Speaker 2: 5:31

Okay, the balance Makes sense.

Speaker 3: 5:32

Yeah. Next up is lycoprotein, or LPA. This is kind of a unique one. It's basically a type of LDL particle with an extra protein attached, and it's largely determined by your genetics. High LPA significantly increases heart disease risk, independently of other cholesterol levels. Even if everything else looks perfect, high LPA is a major risk factor.

Speaker 2: 5:55

The genetic wild card. You called it earlier.

Speaker 3: 5:57

Exactly. Then there's LPPLA2. This is an enzyme that's specifically involved in inflammation within the blood vessel walls. High levels suggest there's active inflammation happening in your arteries, potentially making plaque unstable.

Speaker 2: 6:10

So it signals active trouble brewing.

Speaker 3: 6:13

Active inflammation, yes, which is a key part of risk. And finally, advanced tests often look at HDL particle number and function. It's not just how much HDL cholesterol you have, HDLC, but how many HDL particles are working and how well they're doing their job, which is called reverse cholesterol transport.

Speaker 2: 6:30

Their job of cleaning up the arteries, basically.

Speaker 3: 6:31

That's right, pulling cholesterol out of the walls and taking it back to the liver. More particles doing their job effectively is better.

Speaker 2: 6:38

Okay, wow, that's a lot more detailed. So it's clear advanced testing isn't about replacing the standard one necessarily, but about adding this layer of precision.

Speaker 3: 6:48

Exactly, precision and personalization.

Speaker 2: 6:50

So you can catch things before they become, you know, really serious problems.

Speaker 3: 6:54

And what's so fascinating, I think, is how these markers really connect the dots. They explain the mechanisms behind heart disease much better. They tell us why someone with normal total cholesterol can still have a heart attack.

Speaker 2: 7:08

Right, it's not just about the total amount of cholesterol floating around.

Speaker 3: 7:11

No, it's often about the type of particles, the number of them and how they're interacting with inflammation in your body.

Speaker 2: 7:18

Which brings us back to LDL, particle number and APOB. Again, you keep highlighting those.

Speaker 3: 7:23

Because they're such powerful predictors. It boils down to this the more particles there are, regardless of how much cholesterol is inside each one, the more opportunities there are for those particles to penetrate the artery wall and initiate damage. That's the direct link to atherosclerosis.

Speaker 2: 7:38

Okay, and what about those small dense LDL particles? You mentioned the stealth cholesterol. Yes, let's focus direct link to atherosclerosis. Okay, and what about those small dense?

Speaker 3: 7:43

LDL particles. You mentioned the stealth cholesterol. Yes, let's focus on those for a moment. These small dense LDL particles are particularly problematic. They oxidize or get damaged much more easily than larger LDL. This oxidized LDL is a major trigger for inflammation in the artery wall. Plus, because they're small, they can wiggle their way into the artery lining more easily. We see a lot of these in people with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome or diets high in sugar and refined carbs. And here's the kicker Having mostly small dense LDL can potentially triple your risk of heart disease, even if your main LDL-C number looks perfectly fine.

Speaker 2: 8:19

Triple the risk, wow, okay. And then there's LPA, the genetic wildcard.

Speaker 3: 8:22

Right, lpa is a big one because it adds risk on top of everything else. High LPA is an independent risk factor and critically it's mostly genetic, meaning diet and exercise don't usually lower it very much.

Speaker 2: 8:32

So knowing your LPA number is really important for understanding your baseline genetic risk.

Speaker 3: 8:37

Absolutely. If it's high, it signals the need for perhaps earlier screening for plaque buildup, being much more aggressive about managing other risk factors you can control and maybe considering newer therapies that are being developed specifically to target LPA.

Speaker 2: 8:50

Got it. And you also mentioned inflammation markers like LPPLA2 and HSCRP. Why is assessing inflammation so critical?

Speaker 3: 8:59

Because many, maybe even most, heart attacks aren't caused by a slow, gradual narrowing of the artery until it's completely blocked. They happen when an existing plaque often one that wasn't even causing major blockage becomes inflamed and ruptures.

Speaker 2: 9:14

Ah, so it breaks open suddenly.

Speaker 3: 9:16

Exactly. It ruptures, a clot forms instantly on that ruptured surface and that clot blocks the blood flow. It's often a sudden event triggered by inflammation, so knowing your level of vascular inflammation gives you insight into how stable or unstable your plaque might be.

Speaker 2: 9:30

Okay, that makes sense. So the real takeaway here, the key insight, is that advanced lipid testing shifts the whole question. It's not just how much cholesterol do you have.

Speaker 1: 9:39

Yeah.

Speaker 2: 9:39

It's how likely is the cholesterol you do have to actually cause damage. That's not just how much cholesterol do you have, it's how likely is the cholesterol you do have to actually cause damage.

Speaker 3: 9:43

That's the crucial distinction.

Speaker 2: 9:45

And getting that right could literally be the difference between missing a huge hidden risk and catching it early enough to do something about it Precisely. So this is all fascinating, but what does it mean for you, the listener, who should actually be thinking about getting these advanced tests? While you know almost anyone could potentially benefit, are there specific groups who stand to gain the most?

Speaker 3: 10:08

Definitely, there are groups where this testing is particularly valuable. First, think about people with a family history of early heart disease If your father or brother had a heart attack or stroke before age 55, or your mother or sister before 65.

Speaker 2: 10:23

That suggests a genetic component.

Speaker 3: 10:30

Exactly. It strongly suggests there might be something genetic going on, like high LPA or a tendency towards those small dense LDL particles things. A standard test would totally miss.

Speaker 2: 10:36

Okay, family history, who else?

Speaker 3: 10:38

Second, individuals with normal cholesterol but other risk factors. This is a big category. Maybe your cholesterol numbers look okay but you have high blood pressure or maybe prediabetes, high fasting insulin, signs of metabolic syndrome, maybe carrying extra weight around the middle.

Speaker 2: 10:53

So other signs that metabolism isn't quite right.

Speaker 3: 10:55

Yes, these individuals often have those hidden harmful patterns like high particle numbers or small dense LDL, even if their LDL-C is technically normal. Advanced testing can uncover that discordance Right. That makes sense. Third, and this is really important, people with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. Diabetes significantly changes lipoprotein metabolism. It often leads to higher triglycerides, lower good HDL and specifically an increase in those small dense, more dangerous LDL particles. Plus often lower numbers of HDL particles too. Even if their LDL-C looks controlled on medication, the particle profile might still be quite risky.

Speaker 2: 11:34

Okay, so diabetes is a clear flag.

Speaker 3: 11:35

A very clear flag. Fourth, an interesting group athletes and people on low-carb or ketogenic diets who see their LDL-C go up. Sometimes LDL-C can jump quite high on these diets.

Speaker 2: 11:47

Yeah, you were about that.

Speaker 3: 11:48

But particle testing often shows that these individuals have developed large buoyant LDL particles, pattern A and their AMOB. That total count of bad particles might actually be low or normal. In this case, the high LDL-C isn't necessarily indicating high risk and advanced testing can clarify that, potentially avoiding unnecessary worry or medication.

Speaker 2: 12:10

Ah, so it provides crucial context for those specific situations.

Speaker 3: 12:13

It does. And finally, patients with borderline or just unexplained results. If your doctor says your cholesterol is borderline, or maybe your triglycerides are always a bit high and no one's quite sure why, advanced testing can cut through the ambiguity and show whether there's a genuinely concerning pattern or something more benign.

Speaker 2: 12:29

Okay, show whether there's a genuinely concerning pattern or something more benign. Okay, so to sum that up family history, metabolic issues, even with normal cholesterol, diabetes, specific dietary changes like keto causing high ODLC or just unclear results these are all really strong reasons to consider diving deeper.

Speaker 3: 12:43

Absolutely. In those cases it can provide critical information, either reassurance or a clear call to action.

Speaker 2: 12:52

And it's worth mentioning, there are panels available, like the QLM Advanced Cardio IQ Elite panel, that bundle all these key markers together to give you that comprehensive view.

Speaker 3: 12:58

Yes, those integrated panels are very helpful for getting the full picture in one go.

Speaker 2: 13:03

Now, getting the test is one thing, but it's only really valuable if it leads to action right.

Speaker 3: 13:07

Absolutely. The data is only powerful if you use it.

Speaker 2: 13:10

The real strength of advanced lipid testing seems to be in enabling truly personalized prevention, moving beyond just generic advice like eat less fat or exercise more.

Speaker 3: 13:25

Exactly. It lets you tailor strategies based on your specific lipid profile. It becomes data driven. So let's talk about some concrete examples. Okay, Say, your results show high ApoB or high LDL particle number. What might you do? Well, dietary changes could include reducing refined carbs and perhaps processed seed oils, while really boosting soluble fiber think avocados, chia seeds, flax seeds, psyllium husk and prioritizing omega-3 fats from sources like wild salmon, sardines, macros.

Speaker 2: 13:49

So targeting the particle number specifically through diet.

Speaker 3: 13:51

Yes. Now what if the main issue is a predominance of small dense LDL particles, pattern B? Here the focus might shift even more strongly towards reducing sugar and processed carbohydrates, maybe increasing nutrient-dense healthy fats and quality protein, to really work on improving insulin sensitivity, as that's often linked.

Speaker 2: 14:11

Right Tackling the insulin resistance connection.

Speaker 3: 14:14

If triglycerides are high. The big levers are often limiting fructose, especially from sugary drinks, desserts, and cutting back on alcohol intake.

Speaker 2: 14:22

OK, diet makes sense. What about exercise? Can that be tailored to?

Speaker 3: 14:25

Yes, definitely. For example, resistance training, lifting weights, has been shown to improve the function of your HDL particles, helping them do their cleanup job better.

Speaker 2: 14:34

Interesting, not just cardio.

Speaker 3: 14:36

Not just cardio and things like high-intensity interval training or HIIT can be particularly effective for lowering triglycerides and can even help shift LDL particles towards that larger, less harmful pattern over time.

Speaker 2: 14:50

So mixing up your exercise routine based on your results could be beneficial.

Speaker 3: 14:54

It can be. And then there's inflammation. If your HSCRP or LPPLA2 is elevated, that's a clear signal to double down on anti-inflammatory strategies. This means prioritizing sleep, aiming for seven to nine hours, consistently Actively managing stress is huge meditation, deep breathing, spending time in nature whatever works for you and, of course, incorporating anti-inflammatory foods turmeric, ginger, green tea, berries, leafy greens, fatty fish.

Speaker 2: 15:21

Right the life-solving factors for inflammation.

Speaker 3: 15:23

And sometimes targeted supplementation can play a role, always best discussed with your doctor, of course. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DAJ, are well known for lowering triglycerides and can help reduce small LDL particles. Niacin, in certain forms and under medical supervision, might help lower LPA for some people, but it needs careful handling. Magnesium is also important for overall vascular health and insulin sensitivity.

Speaker 2: 15:48

Okay, and what about medications?

Speaker 3: 15:49

Well, this advanced testing can provide much clearer justification for when medications are truly needed If you have very high particle numbers or genetically high LPA, or persistent inflammation despite lifestyle efforts. It strengthens the case for considering statins or maybe newer agents like PCSK9 inhibitors or those emerging therapies specifically targeting LPA. It helps make that decision more precise and evidence-based.

Speaker 2: 16:17

So it helps target medication more effectively too.

Speaker 3: 16:19

Yes, ensuring the right people get the right treatment at the right time.

Speaker 2: 16:22

Okay, so let's try and wrap this up. The core message seems pretty clear.

Speaker 3: 16:26

I think so. Heart disease remains the world's biggest killer, partly because, well, too many crucial risks just go undetected by standard methods.

Speaker 2: 16:36

Right, those standard cholesterol tests. While they have a place, they can often give this false sense of security or just completely miss key factors driving risk.

Speaker 3: 16:43

They paint an incomplete picture.

Speaker 2: 16:44

And that's really where advanced lipid testing comes in and, frankly, changes the game by looking beyond just the basic cholesterol numbers, by measuring particle number, particle size, apob, that genetic wildcard, lpa and those key inflammation markers.

Speaker 3: 16:59

You can identify dangerous patterns much, much earlier, long before they lead to an actual event.

Speaker 2: 17:04

And having that deeper level of information that empowers both you, the listener, and your doctor to create genuinely personalized prevention plans.

Speaker 3: 17:13

Exactly, Whether that involves fine-tuning your diet in specific ways, using targeted exercise strategies really focusing on reducing inflammation, or knowing when medication is truly warranted.

Speaker 2: 17:24

It moves prevention from guesswork to precision. So, as we finish up, maybe something for you to think about. What's one aspect of your own health, maybe something you thought you had a good handle on that you now realize might have a deeper, hidden story just waiting to be uncovered?

Speaker 1: 17:44

Thanks for tuning into the Health Pulse. If you found this episode helpful, don't forget to subscribe and share it with someone who might benefit. For more health insights and diagnostics, visit us online at wwwquicklabmobilecom. Stay informed, stay healthy and we'll catch you in the next episode.